Fig. 3From: Chemopreventive potential of kimchi, an ethnic food from Korea, against colorectal carcinogenesis associated with red meat intakeEffects and toxicity of fecal water toward human colonic epithelial cells. Fecal water was extracted from the feces of rats consuming standard diet and red meat-based diet with or without kimchi supplementation. Feces were collected on days 60–64 following the injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 20 mg/kg body weight) and pooled based on the treatment groups. The observed effects of fecal water on the cells included A level of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), B level of caspase-3 activity and C cell viability. Data (n = 5) are expressed in mean ± SD. Different lettering indicates statistically significant difference among samples (p < 0.05). Control: cell medium. Saline: fecal water of rats injected with NaCl solution (0.9%) and given standard diet. DMH: fecal water of rats injected with DMH and given standard diet. RM: fecal water of rats injected with DMH and given red meat-based diet. K-5%: fecal water of rats injected with DMH and given standard diet with kimchi supplementation (5%). RM + K-5%: fecal water of rats injected with DMH and given red meat-based diet with kimchi supplementation (5%). K-10%: fecal water of rats injected with DMH and given standard diet with kimchi supplementation (10%). RM + K-10%: fecal water of rats injected with DMH and given red meat-based diet with kimchi supplementation (10%)Back to article page