Fig. 6

Price estimate to buy organic edible rice by Brewery B in 2018 (yen/60 kg). To buy organic edible rice from a farmer, Brewery B pays a farmer for the price higher than conventional edible rice and some conventional sake-brewing rice. This difference is the premium the brewery pays for organic rice to brew sake. This is still lower than the price of Yamadanishiki in Hyōgo Prefecture, the most expensive conventional sake-brewing rice. This might be because brewing organic rice does not guarantee the better flavor than the Yamadanishiki. Farmers consider a long relation with the brewery and sell rice to the brewery cheaper than selling in the other channels. Sources: ([1], Farmer, personal communication, April 1, 2020). Note. This was based on the price of brown rice per 30 kg. The rice variety was the same as Brewery B bought